The Great Wall is a legitimate defensive military past prominent and rarely in the history of human architecture. It is a symbol of the Chinese nation, did not appear intelligent ancestors of the Chinese, but also reflects the effort have made the race and blood. Known in ancient world history and the magnitude of its fortifications and greatness and strength.
The construction of the Great Wall of China during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period more than 2000 years. Starts from the corridor wall Jia Yu Guan Gan Su Province and ends at the west corridor of the Shan Hai Guan, Hebei Province, east through the mountains, towering like a giant dragon, lying on the vast territory of northern China. It is the oldest and largest defense project in China and the world. Included in the list of world cultural heritage identified by UNESCO of the United Nations in 1987.
Began kingdoms different in the Spring and Autumn (from 770 BC. M to 476 BC. M) and the Warring States Period (from 475 BC. M to 221 BC). The building of fences on its borders in order to defend itself, and became the walls oldest part of the Great Wall of China. In 221 BC. M united Emperor Shi Huang Di warring kingdoms, and founded the first unified state with a central authority in the history of China, the Qin Dynasty. In order to stabilize its borders and repel the aggression of a national minority Xiong Nu who were living in areas north of the Qin Dynasty, link Shi Huang Di the walls that were built by the Warring States, which form wall Chen family ownership that reached the length of more than 5000 km and starts from the eastern province of Liao Ning east China and ends at Tao Lin Gan Su Province, western China. After that, continued to successive royal families in China to build walls on this basis, and the length of the walls built by each of the Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty 5000 kilometer. The total length of the walls built by the royal families of different 50 thousand miles.
The Great Wall of China is not a wall, but is a project that consists of an integrated defensive defensive walls, watch towers and corridors Alastairatejip and the barracks of the soldiers and warning towers and other defense facilities. And controls the defense of this project integrated military command system consists of different levels. Take the Great Wall of China in the Ming Dynasty as an example, this was the wall that starts from the river Ialoh east and ends at the corridor Jia Yu Guan west total length of 7000 km is divided into nine administrative regions, military and each region chief executive to manage separately and is responsible for the reform of the fence within the region and restoration is also responsible for defense affairs in the region or help the areas adjacent to military affairs and defense according to the order of the Ministry of National Defense. The number of soldiers stationed on the fence line in the reign of the Ming Dynasty was about a million troops.
The walls extended major part of the defensive wall of China. And built walls towering over the mountains or plains hazardous locations by geography and defense needs. The walls are often built in the plains or places of interest high and extremely durable, and the walls built on hazardous sites over the mountains, they are low and relatively narrow, in order to provide manpower and expenses of the construction. The average height of the wall in the corridor of Jiu Yong Guan Ba Da Ling and within the provinces of Hebei and launching Gan Su C, about 7 or 8 meters and a thickness of the base 6 or 7 meters, and the thickness of the top 4 or 5 meters. And built in the inner side at the top of the fence wall additional height more than a meter, in order to prevent the fall of the soldiers on the wall, and built on the outside wall of an additional height of about two meters, and on this wall upper openings of the control slots and infrastructure to fire or drop stones. In the very important areas, the fence is built on the walls to prevent the rise of multi-wall enemies. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the wall added to the observation towers or buildings to control the enemies and follow the movements of housing the soldiers who were patrolling guard or storing weapons and food. Thus enhancing the defensive power of the Great Wall of China to a large extent.
The most important strategic passages defensive positions on the line of the fence that extends for tens of thousands of kilometers. Strategic corridors and is located usually in positions of a viable defense in order to resist the aggressors, many military forces of a few.
There is an old Chinese saying: "If there was one soldier to defend when the strategic corridor, it can not be proof that the ten of thousands of soldiers." This indicates that ideals are alive to the importance of strategic corridors. There are a large number of strategic corridors, large and small on the line of Wall of China. And take Wall of China to the Ming Dynasty as an example, there were about a thousand arcade Istruthristi on the fence line, and risk to the fetus Shan Hai Guan and Huang Ya Guan and Jiu-Yong Guan Ze Jin Guan and Daw what Guan and Ping Xing Guan and Yan Guan and statement Guan, Jia Yu Guan in addition to Yang Guan of Guan Yu, who built in the reign of the Han Dynasty (The word means "Guan" in Chinese strategic corridor).
The warning towers is also an important part of defense components to the Great Wall. It's facilities to send and the transfer of military information. In fact, the warning towers as a tool for the transfer of information existed since ancient times, and been learned since the beginning of construction of Wall of China, including well but was being completed progressively to become the best method to send and the transfer of military information in ancient times. The method of information transfer is the launch of the smoke during the day and campfire at night. It is the scientific method and the rapid transfer of information as they may know the number of enemies of the number of sites, from which smoke or set on fire. During the reign of the Ming Dynasty Added sounds crackers at the time of the launch of campfire smoke and to enhance the effectiveness of the warning, which can be accurately reporting military information to distant places and different in one moment. In the absence of mobile and wireless communications in ancient times, we can say that this method for the transfer of military information was very quick.
The coordination sites warning towers is very important. And all located in dangerous places on the tops of the mountains, and must correspond to three sites with each other to facilitate the transfer of information.
Great Wall of China is going through different geographical terrain and complex, which reflects the mountains and Alojrv and runs through the desert and pass the meadows and cut rivers. So that the architectural structures of the fence is also different and strange as the wall was built in the desert areas with materials composed of local stone and a special type of willow Because of the scarcity of rocks and bricks. In the areas of Loess Plateau in northwest China, the fence be built with earth or adobe mud-brick, but it is solid and strong at least the strength of the wall built with rocks and bricks. The wall was built during the reign of the Ming Dynasty often of brick or rock, or a mixture of bricks and rocks. There are water channel is paid on top of the wall for drainage of rain automatically and the protection of the fence.
In addition to the military role, the impact of China's Great Wall on China's economic development as well. The direction of Wall of China was almost identical with the dividing line between the climate semi-wet and dry climate in China, and has actually become a wedge between the agricultural areas and nomadic areas. In ancient times, had lived in north China's national minorities, nomadic, and the people of Han nationality living in central China, to protect agricultural production and prevent the looting of the nomadic ethnic groups for their agricultural products, under the Han people are building the fence down. And thus became the Great Wall of China a barrier to the development of independent two different civilizations.
Among the tourist sites on the Great Wall of China across China, the Wall of Ba Da Ling, the north of Beijing reserved the best piece of Wall of China, as one of the best sites to climb the fence for Chinese tourists and foreigners.
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