What is Computer?

History
What is Computer? And how it started? What is the idea, which amounted to We see now?
Before we answer these questions the meaning back to back with me in an interview Hijacker on the evolution of the history of computers.
Man since the beginnings in the first as he seeks to find all seriousness Means that the availability of help and effort and time is what concerns us here Talk about now is the evolution of the means that he created to assist in the performance ofNumerical and computational functions, and Alalmekd classified to the evolution of computers Three historical phases: --
First: the computer prior to the date:
At this stage, took the rights to see the gravel and the account number and then the evolution of This method to replace the meter invented by the Chinese before the birth B 500, and was a wooden framework of the respective threads hanging Ten workshops and Procedure calculator created by William Aotrd Year 1633 It was used for multiplication and division.
II: Mechanical computers: --
The world has Pascal in 1642 for inventing the first machine collection The IPO consisted of a set of wheels of each wheel is divided into ten Sections of zero to 9 and when the wheel spins full circle move The movement of the wheel, the second one to the next section; haste is a first Sundays and the second and third scores, hundreds, and so on.
In 1822, the Charles Babag design calculator Can carry out arithmetic operations and storage of numbers and print the results The papers on this machine depends on the mechanical means, and then Followed by industry in 1890 working calculator card pierced Hulirt by the world, and then the real nucleus Manufactures computers for a computer -1 Harvard Mark, who has designed World Howard Aiken of Harvard University in conjunction with IBM Cap is a working calculator card perforated, and is Print the results by means of a typewriter heat.
III: Computer-mail: --
The stage began shortly before midnight the previous century has been Researchers to date computers generations reflect each generation for the Time of the computer, namely: --
The first generation 1946 - 1958:
At this stage, vacuum tube was used and this generation is characterized by large Size and the need for conditioning, and the slow speed and the use of Perforated cards from this generation Eniac computer and the computer Univac-1 .
Second-generation 1959 - 1964:
This generation emerged when the scientists used an alternative to the transistor Vacuum tube, which led to the small size of the computer performance and speed And less consumption of electricity and also the ability to distinguish storage view The use of heart-magnetic Magnetic Core and appeared in this period Also floppy discs, and used the language of this generation of high Kalfoertran level in 1957 is this generation computers, and IBM 1401 Honywell 200
Third-generation 1965 - 1970:
Has been used in the generation of integrated electronic circuits used Manufactured on silicon chips Silicon Chip This generation has been less Smaller, and less consumption of electricity and the emission of heat and on the use of Of the terminals. And increased reliance on language-level Have higher language Alpesc Among the most famous of this generation computers IBM360 - NCR395 appeared in the generation of small computers.
The fourth generation since 1971:
Has been used in this generation wide integration services Large Scale Integration is a set of thousands of electronic components On a small silicon chip, as used in Almikrobroissour Computer industry, small and this generation is characterized by high speed Performance and large storage capacity and the emergence of a general-purpose software Management systems and databases.
In this generation on a PC ((PC Personal Computers, appeared cylinders DOS operating system for computers IBM personal computers and compatible with it.
Fifth generation:
A generation of scientists who are now trying to get him out of existence as he tries Directed by scientists for a generation of computers has the ability to perform Kaltvkir mental processes and learning and benefit from the experience ... ...
Commenting on this last point for trying Scientists produced a generation of computers thinker, I believe I have already I Kmqal this opinion in a newspaper that this will not end It features something to satisfy the ego of scientists, I think it's the end of a closed Like many things from the long search by scientists and then it was concluded Did End the call and recall, for example, attempts by scientists urged Clouds to produce rain in areas for which they wish to bring down the rain It did not result in the expenditure of millions of funds in this regard to the on Access is important is the lack of capacity to do so, even when Able to urge the use of cloud lightning industrial rain did not fall to the At the scene of a very large, and the sincerity of the Creator "God take step forward", and when Talking about a simulation of the human mind is impossible, why? Because Rights and feel that it is this sense of self is a human Driving all the other emotions such as love, hatred, and humility, And vanity, etc. ... ... .... The fact that human beings can make the machine think And interact, if it is Valolp will exist in this case Explode all the other emotions what we see happening in the sci-fi movies Computer control of human life, I do not deny that Bsttia scientists to reach the degree of technical expertise in this area. When they say they are in connection with the use of living cells in the organs Computer discovered the tremendous ability to keep the quantities of the terrible Data processing Baltoin electric, but I denied them Strongly to be able to match the human brain's best Vtpark Alkhagayn.

Computer Operating Systems
Now go to explain what the systems and components, but before that Let me review with you in the creation of types of computers, and here we should Dealing with the classification of computers in many ways:

First: in the form of input data: --
1 - digital computer Digital Computer:
Used data from professional or digital type characters or Khaspoho Wider use, such as the PC.
2 - Computer descriptive (analog) Analog Computer:
And intervention in the form of concrete data (such as temperature, humidity, radiation The sun) course, using the means of measurement Kaltermumitr.
3 - Computer Mixed Hybrid Computer:
And take into account in its determination to combine the characteristics of digital computers and computer Descriptive. Among the most famous uses of nuclear reactors and satellites Industry.

Second: The purpose and terms of use:
1 - use of computers in General Computer:
This type is used in many different purposes.
2 - Computer specialist Special Purpose computer:
Designed for use in a specific purpose, such as those in the medical equipment or Washing machines, aircraft, ships and submarines ... ..
Third: in terms of volume:
1 - Computer giant Super Computer:
It is designed for storing and retrieving millions of data is very high speed Used in the military aspects of space research